Defense of Zineb Ait Bouali’s thesis

PhD in architecture — Laboratory Project[s], ENSA•Marseille

Wednesday, December 11, 2019 at 2pm in amphitheater “Carré”, ENSA•Marseille

Title : “Impact of the suburban house densification on the reduction of energy consumptions”

Doctoral school 355 : Spaces, cultures, societies — Aix-Marseille University

Jury :

Supervisor : René BORRUEY, Professeur, HDR, INAMA, ENSA•Marseille ;
Supervisor (until september 2017) : Stéphane HANROT, Professeur, HDR, Project[s], ENSA•Marseille (†) ;
Co-supervisor : Mohamed BELMAAZIZ, Professeur, Project[s], ENSA•Marseille ;
Reviewer: Hassan AIT HADDOU, Maître de conférences, HDR, LIFAM, ENSA-Montpellier ;
Reviewer: Daniel SIRET , Chercheur, HDR, UMR AAU CNRS/Centrale-Nantes-MC, ENSA-Nantes ;
Referee : Nora ABID, Enseignante-chercheuse, Polytech-Marseille, UMR IUSTI 7343 CNRS/AMU ;
Referee : François GUENA, Professeur, HDR, UMR MAP 3495 CNRS/MC équipe maacc, ENSA-Paris-la-Villette ;

Summary :

The suburban habitat is now present since the seventies of the previous century, and is becoming the most attractive urban form for the French people. This preference is noted through the INSEE data showing progress in the share of individual housing construction in the housing stock or through individual surveys. Today, more than 79% of the population would prefer living in detached houses and in relation to nature (Damon, 2017). On the other hand, these houses as they are currently developing in France on cities’ outskirts, are often the object of criticism because of their lifestyles and their heavy bill in terms of the spatial planning they generate and also in terms of nibbling the agricultural/ natural space and their energy overconsumption, thus creating an environmental, social and economic imbalance.
Following this observation, new practices and reflections emerged in the public and scientific debates inviting to rethink the peri-urban spaces globally and the suburban housing particularly, not only as a complex and diversified fabric, but also as an underexploited real-estate potential. Moreover, since the creation of the “SRU Law” (Law on Solidarity and Urban Renewal) in 2000, and recently the “ALUR Law” (Law for Access to Housing and Renovated Urban Planning) in 2014, “redo the city on the city” has become one of the slogans of urban planning likely to reconcile control of the urban sprawl and the appetite of the French people for the individual house (Touati, 2015).
As part of this research, I asked myself about the levers allowing on one hand to reduce domestic energy consumption in residential areas and on the other hand to limit urban sprawl. thus, the densification of suburban fabrics seems to be a key alternative to overcome these two phenomena. To carry out this work, I proposed a method which consists in crossing an intensive approach centered on a small number of cases (subdivision “La Clairnande” including 12 pavilion houses) with an extensive approach based on a larger scale, in the city of “Aix Marseille Provence”. The first approach consists in proposing and analyzing two peri-urban renewal strategies: densification and demolition/ reconstruction, through five scenarios. The energy budgets of these scenarios will then be estimated using a computation tool that we call “enhanced 3CL-DPE”, in order to compare the share of solar contributions generated by each scenario. The second scale, which is that of the metropolis, is not only intended to identify the densification potential according to pre-defined criteria, but also to verify to which extent the results obtained on a small scale could be extrapolated over a wide area. territory.

Keywords

Suburban house densification,urban sprawl,energy restoration,